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Kolkata Article Talk Read View source View history Tools Coordinates: 22°34′03″N 88°22′12″E Page extended-protected From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Kolkata (disambiguation). "Calcutta" redirects here. For other uses, see Calcutta (disambiguation). Kolkata Kōlkātā Calcutta Megacity Kolkata skyline containing Vidyasagar Setu and Victoria Memorial Durga Puja in Kolkata Central Business District of Kolkata Vintage trams Science City Kolkata Jorasanko Thakur Bari Birla Planetarium and The 42 Eden Gardens during a match Howrah Bridge Nickname(s): City of Joy, City of Castles, Gateway of Eastern India, Cultural Capital of India[1] MapWikimedia | © OpenStreetMap Interactive Map Outlining Kolkata Kolkata is located in KolkataKolkataKolkata Location in Kolkata Show map of Kolkata Show map of West Bengal Show map of India Show map of Asia Show map of Earth Show all Coordinates: 22°34′03″N 88°22′12″E Country India State West Bengal Division Presidency District Kolkata Government • Type Municipal Corporation • Body Kolkata Municipal Corporation • Mayor Firhad Hakim • Deputy Mayor Atin Ghosh • Sheriff Mani Shankar Mukherjee • Police commissioner Soumen Mitra Area[2][3] • Megacity 206.08 km2 (79.151 sq mi) • Metro 1,886.67 km2 (728.45 sq mi) Elevation 9 m (30 ft) Population[2][4][5] • Megacity 2,011 census: Decrease 4,496,694 2,023 estimate: Increase 6,200,000 • Metro[6][7][8] 2,011 census: Increase 14,112,536 (metro) Increase14,617,882 (Extended UA) 2,023 estimate: Increase15,333,000 (metro) • City rank 7th in India • Metro rank 3rd in India; 2nd in Bengal Region; 13th in Asia; 16th in the world Demonyms Kolkatan Calcuttan Languages • Official Bengali • English[9] Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST) PIN 700 xxx Telephone code +91 33 Vehicle registration WB-01 to WB-10 UN/LOCODE IN CCU GDP Increase $160.2 billion (2022)[10] HDI (2004) 0.780[11] (High) International airports Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport (CCU) Transit Rapid Transit: Kolkata Metro Commuter rail: Kolkata Suburban Railway Other(s): Kolkata Tram Metropolitan Planning Authority Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority Other names Calcutta, Kolikata, Tilottama Website kmcgov.in UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name Durga Puja in Kolkata Type Cultural Designated 2021 [12] (16th Committee of UNESCO for safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage) Reference no. [1] Region Southern Asia Notability First in Asia under "Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity" category Kolkata (UK: /kɒlˈkɑːtə/[13] or /kɒlˈkʌtə/,[14] US: /koʊlˈkɑːtɑː/,[15] Bengali: [kolˈkata] ⓘ, IAST: Kōlkātā; also known as Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/[14][15] which was the official name until 2001) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, 80 km (50 mi) west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary financial and commercial center of eastern and northeastern India.[16] Kolkata is the seventh most populous city of India with an estimated city proper population of 4.5 million (0.45 crore).[17] It is the centre of the Kolkata Metropolitan Region, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world with a population of over 15 million (1.5 crore) residents. Kolkata is the de facto cultural capital of India and historically and culturally significant city in the historic region of Bengal.[1][18][19] It is the second largest Bengali-speaking city in the world. It has the highest number of Nobel laureates among all cities in India. The three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690,[20] the area was developed by the Company into Fort William. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied the fort in 1756 but was defeated at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, after his general Mir Jafar mutinied in support of the Company, and was later made the Nawab for a brief time.[21] Under company and later crown rule, Calcutta served as the de facto capital of India until 1911. Calcutta was the second largest city in the British Empire, after London,[22] and was the center of bureaucracy, politics, law, education, science and the arts in India. The city was associated with many of the figures and movements of the Bengali Renaissance. It was the hotbed of the Indian nationalist movement.[23] The University of Calcutta and its affiliated colleges produced many leading figures of South Asia. Kolkata's architecture includes many imperial landmarks, including the Victoria Memorial, Howrah Bridge and the Grand Hotel. The city's heritage includes India's only Chinatown and remnants of Jewish, Armenian, Greek and Anglo-Indian communities. The city is closely linked with Bhadralok culture and the Zamindars of Bengal, including Bengali Hindu, Bengali Muslim and tribal aristocrats. The partition of Bengal affected the fortunes of the city. In the late 20th century, the city ho